Mongolia and the People’s Republic of China have signed an agreement to establish the Gashuunsukhait-Gantsmod cross-border railway, marking a significant step in infrastructure cooperation between the two nations. The agreement was formalised on 14 February 2025 during a meeting in Harbin between Mongolian Prime Minister Oyun-Erdene Luvsannamsrai and Chinese Premier Li Qiang.
The project is the first of 14 major infrastructure initiatives proposed by the Mongolian government. Prime Minister Oyun-Erdene expressed gratitude to key political leaders, government officials, and researchers who contributed to the agreement. He also acknowledged the support of President Khurelsukh Ukhnaa and the Mongolian Parliament in approving the necessary guidelines and authorisations.
The negotiations for this cross-border railway date back to 2004, with over 60 rounds of discussions since 2008. The agreement follows three recommendations from Mongolia’s National Security Council, six resolutions from the State Great Khural (Parliament), and 45 resolutions from the government.
Once completed, the Gashuunsukhait-Gantsmod railway will become the second rail connection between Mongolia and China, following the Zamiin-Uud–Ereen railway, which was established under a 1955 agreement.
Construction is set to begin in April, with completion expected by 2028.
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